Childhood Obesity The United States For Children

Ashley Phillips English 100-17 Ms. Taylor 25 November 2014 Childhood Obesity Obesity in school-age children is a problem in North Carolina. â€Å"North Carolina is the 23rd most obese state in the United States for children www.eatsmartmovemorenc.com/Data/Texts/Quick%20Facts.pdf – 31.4% of youth in North Carolina are overweight or obese† https://www.healthiergeneration.org/...childhood_obesity/.../north_caroli... (Child Obesity Rate). There is a mandated physical education requirement for school-age children attending public schools in North Carolina. The North Carolina State Board of Education Policy Manual states â€Å"that every kindergarten through eighth grade student should be engaged in at least 30 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity daily† (Recess and Physical Activity). In spite of being clearly stated in policy and described in detail, many of the school-age children in North Carolina are still suffering from poor health. Based on the above information and recent research, the North Carolina Sta te Board of Education needs to revise their policy on physical education. The new policy should state that school-age children in North Carolina â€Å"should participate every day in 60 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity that is enjoyable and developmentally appropriate†. By increasing school-age children’s physical activity to 60 minutes a day, the obesity rate of school-age children in North Carolina will reduce. The World Health OrganizationShow MoreRelatedChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On The United States Today1479 Words   |  6 Pagespediatric obesity now represents one of the most pressing nutritional problems facing children in the United States today. International population studies report comparable rates of increase, so that if current trends remain unchecked, childhood obesity is likely to challenge worldwide public health. Substantial consequences to physical and mental health, both short and long term, must be anticipated. Unfortunately, there is no uniform definition of childhood obesity. Childhood obesity has beenRead MoreChildhood Obesity Among Hispanic Children1729 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity among Hispanic Children Childhood obesity has increased dramatically during the past decade (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2011). Although the rise in obesity cuts across all of age groups, both genders, and all cultural and racial groups; statistics have demonstrated that Hispanic children are more likely to become obese than White or Black children in the United States. According to the United States Department of Agriculture (2011), childhood obesity is more prevalentRead MoreThe Effects Of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic In Our Nation.1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Seema Patel A Capstone Proposal Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Healthcare Administration KAPLAN UNIVERSITY March 2017 The Effects of Childhood Obesity: An Epidemic in Our Nation Childhood obesity is a greatest public health concern in our nation because it has an immediate and long-term effect on morbidity and mortality later in life. Experts in this epidemic suggest that there isRead MoreChildhood Obesity Essay1717 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"At present approximately 9 million children over 6 years of age are considered obese† (Mahshid Dehghan). Childhood obesity continues to increase every year. Childhood obesity has a lot of causes centering on an imbalance of energy taken in and the amount of energy used. Factors of childhood obesity include children having obese parents; low energy expenditure which is a low amount of physical activity is a factor and too much television which is a cause for low physical activity time. Another factorRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Obesity1247 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood Obesity: A Review to Prevent the Risk Factors of Childhood Obesity in Our Community. The rates of childhood obesity Worldwide are alarmingly high! Obesity is a global nutritional concern and leads to horrible consequences on our children and becomes a worldwide pandemic. Worldwide estimates of obesity are as high as 43 million, and rates continue to increase each year. In this study, people will find healthy tips to prevent childhood overweight or obesity to help children in our communitiesRead MoreChildhood Obesity Is A National Epidemic1406 Words   |  6 PagesChildhood obesity is a national epidemic. Nearly 1 in 3 children (ages 2-19) in the United States is overweight or obese, putting them at risk for serious health problems. Studies show that overweight kids are likely to become overweight and obese adults. This is a significant issue in the U.S. and needs to be monitored closely. Some parents are in denial that their children are obese and do not do anything to help or prevent it. When obesity is a problem at a young age it is very easy to have, itRead MoreC hildhood Obesity : A Relatively New And Disturbing Term Essay1129 Words   |  5 PagesChildhood obesity is a relatively new and disturbing term. It is an extremely serious problem that many children in the United States face. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2014), approximately 12.7 million or seventeen percent of children and adolescents aged two to nineteen are considered to be obese (Childhood Obesity). This is an astronomical number and it is only continuing to rise. According to Schroeder et al. (2016), there is approximately an addition fifteen percentRead MoreA Brief Note On Fighting Against Childhood Obesity1504 Words   |  7 PagesNCOF: Fighting Against Childhood Obesity In 2006, about 15% of all children and teens, ages 6-19, were obese (Eberstadt 45). How do you maintain a healthy weight? A healthy weight is reached by balancing the number of calories you eat with the number of calories you use. Weight gain occurs when the number of calories you eat is greater than the number of calories you use (Beliefnet 1). The National Childhood Obesity Foundation (NCOF), is working to eliminate childhood obesity by promoting physicalRead MoreChildhood Obesity And Its Effects On Children1188 Words   |  5 Pagesbehaviors adopted by children affect their mental and physical health. Studies have shown that there is a link between what children see in advertisements and the lifestyle choices they make. Studies also showed that children who viewed advertisements showing healthy eating were more likely to engage in healthy eating habits (Carter and Maria). There are large amounts of advertisements for foods and drinks high in fat and sugar. Many studies show tha t there is a link between childhood obesity and advertisingRead MoreObesity : The Wild And Wonderful State Of West Virginia Essay1650 Words   |  7 Pages Obesity, and more importantly childhood obesity, is drastically effecting the United States of America and other parts of the world, more and more each day. In the last 30 years, the amount of children who are six to eleven years old have doubled, and children who are twelve to nineteen years old have more than quadrupled. (â€Å"Facts†) The wild and wonderful state of West Virginia unfortunately has the title of the 2nd highest obesity rate in the United States at 35.7% as of 2014. The childhood

Reality Vs. Fantasy Quotes Notes - 1705 Words

Reality vs. Fantasy Quotes Notes 1. â€Å"Now, then, let me look at you. But don t you look at me, Stella, . no, no, no, not till later, not till I ve bathed and rested I And turn that over-light off!(1. 18-19). Blanche is living in her fantasy that she is so young and she is good looking and she expects everyone to say that her physical appearance is very beautiful. She is not accepting the fact that she is going to get old she is not going to stay young forever. She thinks she is taking bath in some holy water that will make her young. 2. â€Å"Hello, Stanley Here I am, all freshly bathed and scented, and feeling like a brand new human being† (2. 37). Blanche s withdraw into her own particular private dreams empowers her to incompletely shield herself from reality. Blanche s craziness rises as she withdraws completely into herself. Blanche must come to see the outside world as that which she imagines in her mind. 3. I called him a little boy and laughed and flirted. Yes, I was flirting with your husband! (2.155) Blanche may not be mentally stable after seeing so many death of her loved ones. When she saw Stanley she started flirting with her brother-in-law she is fantasizing it being fine but in real life it is unacceptable. DEATH and FATE Quotes Notes 4. â€Å"They told me to take a streetcar named Desire, and then transfer to one called Cemeteries and ride six blocks and get off at-Elysian Fields† (1. 15). Cemeteries is essentially plain as day, however, Elysian FieldsShow MoreRelatedVampire Existence1641 Words   |  7 Pagesdisprove the existence of vampires, he relied on a basic math principle known as geometric progression. 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Pest Analysis of Coca Cola Free Essays

PEST Analysis The PEST Analysis identifies changes in the market caused by: Political , Economical, Social and Technological factors. Political Analysis and Factors: Those Non- Alcoholic Beverages like; Coca-Cola, are within the food category, under the FDA (Food and Drug Administration). The government has control over the manufacturing procedure of these products in terms of regulations. We will write a custom essay sample on Pest Analysis of Coca Cola or any similar topic only for you Order Now Companies who fail to meet the standards of law, are fined by the government. Following are provided some of the factors that are influencing Coca-Cola’s Operations. 1. Changes in Laws and Regulations like; changes in Accounting Standards, taxation requirements (tax rate changes, modified tax law interpretations, entrance of new tax laws), and environmental laws either in domestic or foreign authorities. 2. Changes in Non-Alcoholic business era. These are; competitive product and pricing policy pressures, ability to maintain or earn share of sales in worldwide market compared to rivals. 3. Political Conditions, specifically in international markets, like; civil conflict, governmental changes and restrictions concerning the ability to relocate capital across borders. 4. Ability to penetrate emerging and developing markets, that also relies on economic and political conditions, and also their ability to form effectively strategic business alliances with local bottlers, and to enhance their production amenities, distribution networks, sales equipment, and technology. Economic: In 2001, the recession influenced the companies operations, but because of aggressive actions the US Economy estimated to have returned in positive growth in 2002. Currently, because of global recession, Coca-Cola can borrow capital and invest in other products, because the interest rates are lowered. Also, it can borrow to advance its research of new products and technology. By researching for new products is cost effective, the company could sell its products at a lower price, so its cutomers would purchase more Coca-Cola products at a lower price. Social: The majority of US citizens are excersizing healthier lifestyles. That has strongly influenced the sales of non-alcoholic beverage sector, because many customers are switching to bottled water and diet colas like; Coca-Cola Light or Zero, instead of drinking beer or other beverages. Additionally, time management is quite 43 % of all households, and it has increased. Customers aged from 37 to 55, are concerned with their nutrition. Also, large portion of the population is within the range of baby boomers age. While many cutomers are getting at older ages in life, they are more concerned in long term increasing their permanence. That will continue to affect the non-alcoholic beverage sector, by increasing the demand, in healthier and other beverages. Technological: Some factors that affect the company’s actual results to vary essentially from the expected results, are the following: 1. The efficiency of company’s advertising, marketing and promotional programs, The new technology advances of television and internet that use incomparable effects for advertising through the use of media. Those advances make the products seem attractive. This supports the selling promotion of the products. Coca-Cola in media tends to use this technology so, to sell effectively its products. 2. Entrance of cans and plastic bottles in the past, have increased sales volume for the company because they are easier to carry and customers can bin them once they have been used. . Since the technology is advancing continuously there has been entrance of new machineries’ equipment all the time. Because of that, Coca-Cola’s production volume has increased sharply compared to few years ago. 4. CCE-Coca-Cola Enterprises have six factories in Britain by using modern technology equipment so to ensure top product quality and quick delivery. In Wakefield,Yorkshire in 1990, CCE ope ned one of the Europe’s largest soft drinks factory. That factory has the ability to produce faster the cans of Coca-Cola even faster than bullets of a machine gun. How to cite Pest Analysis of Coca Cola, Essay examples

Tally free essay sample

Powerful remote capabilities that boost collaboration †¢ Easy to find qualified personnel †¢ Easy to customize †¢ Low cost of ownership via quick implementation, Tally Integrator, Support Centre†¦ Functions Features: Accounting All your accounting requirements are supported and more. Accounting, also known as bookkeeping, is the recording and classifying of financial transactions into the books of accounts and associated registers. Let us look at the some of the needs for which businesses maintain books of accounts: †¢ To fulfill legal requirements records as per standards and practices †¢ To pay taxes to various bodies statutory needs †¢ Keep the business running manage receivables payable, cash, bank †¢ Keep a watch on the pulse of the organization key performance indicators †¢ Respond to queries to locate the right transaction immediately We have been perfecting this simple recording accounting from over twenty years. All this to deliver better, faster and more flexible ways to fulfill your needs, not just maintain books of accounts. A few examples will illustrate: †¢ With the entry of a voucher (this is what we call all accounting transactions) all books of accounts, all reports, all totals sub-totals are updated instantly. There is nothing more that needs to be done whether you are inserting a forgotten entry, or correcting one †¢ Taxation requirements of all the states of India are available, in the prescribed formats †¢ Supporting tasks like reminder letters, delayed interest, ageing, bank reconciliation †¢ One single dashboard to look at all important business ratios †¢ Drill down from any report, even the Balance Sheet, right to any voucher or filter and search †¢ Data entry in the language of the users choice and report in any other language (from the languages supported) †¢ Mark vouchers that are draft as optional and convert these to final- with one button click Financial Management Controls Tally. ERP 9 comes with rich features financial reports that give you the necessary management and control of your business. A few of these are listed below: †¢ Funds Flow Cash Flow reports – help you ocate bottlenecks †¢ Bank reconciliation keeps your ban k books in sync, and identify unclear instruments †¢ Customer Credit Limits to limit risk of default and large losses †¢ Budgets keep tabs on projected expenses against actuals †¢ Mark vouchers postdated these will reflect into the books of accounts only on/after that date †¢ For needs where reports have to consider a transaction that has not happened (say salaries for this month that get paid the next month) vouchers (called reversing journals) can be marked to disappear for reports post a specific date †¢ Scenario management helps you with your business forecasting and planning. You can use optional, reversing journals and memorandum vouchers, to aid in recording provisional entries that are useful for interim reports †¢ Multiple inventory valuation. You can decide one valuation method for the business, and be able generate financial reports using any other valuation method as the statutory method may not be appropriate for your needs, your banke rs and for other decisions †¢ Cash balances can go negative you can get warned if this is about to happen, or see reports and make the necessary corrections Several business exceptions are available (negative stocks, negative ledgers) for you to exercise control over these activities †¢ A one-screen business ratios with drill down right up to the transactions help you to correct course frequently †¢ Item wise document wise profitability statements to control revenue leakage and inappropriate pricing †¢ Internal audits are supported with audit controls authorized users can mark vouchers as audited and can get to see reports on changes made post audit, and the name of the person making the change Inventory Accounting Management If you deal in goods, of any type, youll appreciate the Inventory capabilities in Tally. ERP 9. You can comprehensively record all types of inventory transactions, using goods receipt notes, delivery notes, stock journals, manufacturing journals and physical stock journals. All stock movements are fully recorded and maintained in stock registers. Developed for all manufacturers, distributors, wholesalers or traders a small list of features are briefly described below: Manufacturers: †¢ Bill of materials and Manufacturing Journals, to record material conversions †¢ Compound bill of materials support, for units that contain assemblies †¢ Multiple locations (go downs) †¢ Excise for manufacturers, including all documentation and invoice †¢ Costing for jobs Distributors Wholesalers: †¢ Multiple price lists, with effective dates of applicability †¢ Use multiple units of measure (say KGs grams) †¢ Dual units of measure (say KGs and bags, to support variations as happens in commodities) Traders: †¢ High speed billing, with support for POS printers †¢ Bar code support †¢ Automatic application of taxes †¢ Service billing service tax †¢ Integrated sales return in bills †¢ Print bills (and any other document) in the customers language Common: †¢ You can choose to de-link the computed inventory value to automatically appear in your financial statements and enter this figure manually. †¢ Stock ageing reports, to identify slow and non-moving stocks †¢ Invoice profitability reports to keep a pulse on sales †¢ Multi-currency transactions buy and sell across the world with integrated forex gain/loss calculations †¢ Physical stock take records to adjust physical vs. actual st ocks †¢ Maintain batch expiry details Purchases Payables: from Order to Payment Tally. ERP 9 delivers the entire purchase cycle whether the need is the complete purchase order goods receipt rejections returns advances, debits payments or a single payment entry, fulfilling all needs. To ensure that you have the right stocks and minimize carrying costs, Tally. ERP 9 delivers the following to improve purchase orders: †¢ Define Re-order levels as a definite number or based on consumption †¢ Define minimum quantity to order as a definite number or based on consumption †¢ Pull up a report that shows the stock position, including complete details of open purchase orders, sales orders that need to be fulfilled check on past purchase history, and then place orders †¢ Optionally stagger delivery dates in the PO When receiving goods: †¢ Make entries in accordance with supporting documentation, including errors your suppliers could have made (say of multiplication round off) †¢ Incorporate additional costs †¢ Automatically manage input taxes †¢ Flexibility allows receipt of goods, quantities and rates different from that ordered since this is common in real life †¢ Record samples free items (using different actual billed quantities) †¢ Multiple receipts for one order or one receipt for multiple orders, or against verbal orders In case there is a need to add other costs (say coolie and cartage) these additional charges can be apportioned to the cost of goods purchased. Supplied goods may not match your needs and these are managed by the Rejections Out inventory voucher. Supplier dues, input taxes and inventory positions are updated. Suppliers often indicate likely profits, which may not be met. In case such assurances are made, you can look at Item profitability reports, and get the facts right. You could then negotiate a rebate and record this as a debit note. Keep tabs of how much is due to whom, when. Manage advances, payable s postdated checks. Ensure there are no errors in payments print checks from Tally. ERP 9. Sales Receivables: from Order to Receipt The lifeline of a business, efficiencies in sales operations, both of goods services, directly impact growth and profitability. The need to optimize and keep a close watch here requires exceptional capabilities from your business IT system and Tally. ERP 9 meets these demands. The sales process is supported with the following documents: †¢ Quotations records of quotes †¢ Sales orders accepted customer orders †¢ Deliver Notes documents that accompany goods †¢ Sales Invoices/Cash Bill to record the sale †¢ Credit Notes for financial adjustments †¢ Rejections in for goods returns †¢ Receipts for advances and receipts Do you have cash sales (sales across the counter)? With support for Point of Sale printers, bar codes and receipts in multiple tenders, you POS enable your business at no additional cost. Product sales may come with added services and the integrated product service billing will close this. Enforce credit limits, where needed. Along with the Payment Performance of Debtors report you can identify persistent problems and take necessary business decisions. Interest for delays reminder letters aid in collection. For businesses engaged in Excisable goods, you get full support for Excise for Traders Manufacturing Excise matter of fact a business could be both! Make multiple deliveries from one order, or one from multiple orders – this common need is available across all documents of the sales process. Do you have multiple classes of customers? You can easily setup multiple prices (even in advance and specify the date from which they are effective). Discounts against the line, or for the document, additional charges as a percentage or lump sum, automatic round off of bill totals, automatic computation of VAT Service tax, returns exchanges are all available. Need to verify that you are making the desired sales margins? Item wise and bill wise profitability reports will help you keep tabs. Multi-company A set of account books represents a company in Tally. ERP 9. Therefore, if you decide to maintain your personal accounts you would create a company. Many businesses do have more than one legal entity and so will require multi-company support. Since each company is a distinct ‘data base, building technical support for this is not difficult. However, with multiple companies, several needs often arise beyond the mere facility to record transactions that need to be addressed,. Principally, you would like to look at consolidated reports since these are often more meaningful to you than statutory reports of each company individually. You can therefore group companies and have the reporting ability as if this were a company. You could also group these on demand or as required. So Partner A, could group companies in which he is a partner (say Companies P, Q R) and Partner B could have a group with Companies Q, R Y. With multiple companies, you would probably need to compare them to see relative figures. In Tally. ERP 9, while seeing a report for Company P, you could pull up another column alongside that shows figures from Company Q (and any more companies). You can now continue to drill down the report and continue to see these comparisons. Quiet often with multiple companies, the need arises to create the same ledgers post transactions to more than one company. This can be accomplished with the click of a few keys you save immense time by not having to re-enter data and avoid data entry errors. In special circumstances, where there are needs like a Purchase Order entry becoming a Sales Order in another company, our Service Partners will be able to work with you, understand specific requirements and build a solution around the Data Synchronization capability. Security: With multiple companies, possibly including personal accounts, you may need to control who gets access to which companies, and to do what. You can set up users, grant or deny access and these are defined for each company. Remote Access: You choose to specify which company is accessible remotely. You choose which remote users have access; you decide what access a remote user gets. Central User Management: Users come and go. You might also have a password policy requiring users to change passwords every few weeks. You can take advantage of the ease of central user and password management that Tally. NET identities carry and even remotely manage these while not in office. Multi-Period A financial year is truly suited to business reporting and statutory needs. In reality, business spans across financial years, so ‘real needs get constrained by these financial periods. As an example, receivables (Sundry Debtors) is an area that is frequently plagued by confusion the need to send reminders, resend statements of accounts and persistent follow up may require that you need to look at figures from date x to date ‘y and one or more financial periods can be between these two dates. With Tally. ERP 9, you can specify any date range and perform any operation that you need to. Comparison of Periods, say Q2 this year vs. Q2 last year, often required for shareholder and statutory reporting are easily accomplished. You may also need to break up periods into smaller chunks, instead of the year. While looking at the reports, you can instantly view them broken into periods of your choice (daily, monthly, quarterly etc). For studying trends, locating unusual figures, or comparing activities for different periods, this is invaluable. Take the case of budgets. Say for a five year long project and for various ledgers you need to have a budget set up for five years, another for each year, another two that are 2 ? years you can setup such budgets, and compare budget vs. actual for any! In effect you can zoom out as well as zoom in to any period of your choice. Any changes made or a transaction inserted anytime, are instantly carried forward no matter how far back these are made (from a security standpoint, you might need to restrict data entry or hanges to transactions prior to a specific date this is available via the User security control features). Multi-Cost/Profit Centers As a business transacting in multiple currencies, you will appreciate the effortless usability of Tally . ERP in this area. Say, you make purchases from a supplier, and transact in a currency different (say $) from that of your base currency (say INR). Youd like to keep track of the dollars due, as well as the $ amounts due for each bill. This way you get to know your foreign currency requirements as well as cross check the accounts in $. At the same time you would want to see outstanding and other financial reports in INR. Since this figure depends on the exchange rate as on the date of the report, generating these are time consuming. With Tally. ERP 9 all reports are generated automatically all that is needed is that the forex rates be available for reference. Foreign exchange gain loss entries are posted automatically (as a notional entry), whenever any report is taken. The day you decide to make these entries regular (say end of the financial year) you can post the required accounting Journal (with software assistance). Importers and exporters maintain bank, customer other accounts in foreign currencies (like the example of the supplier) you can maintain these in any currency required. As a branch or subsidiary of a foreign entity, or for reporting, you may need to generate reports in a currency other than the base, at some exchange rate. This capability is available across all reports. You may need to compare companies having different base currencies switch one company to use the currency of the other, or switch them both to a third! Basically, every amount field in a Tally. ERP 9 voucher is multi-currency enabled. This allows you to conduct business in ways that manual systems permit and most IT systems fail to provide. It is possible for a supplier to, say, send a quote for items in INR, some in US$ and some in â‚ ¬. Multi-units Most businesses will use several units of measure, even if the belief that just one (pieces) is used. Take purchases you could order in the units you are comfortable with, and you receive goods in a different unit for e. g. , order in Pcs, receive in KGs. Similarly you could record sales in the units that your customer is comfortable with. The flexibility of this compound unit of measures is to ensure that Tally. ERP 9 does not get in the way of your way of working. Like in the case of multi-currency, every quantity field is inherently multi-unit ready. Some commodities, say cotton, have peculiar problems the unit of stock used for this commodity is bales, yet trade is in Kgs. With changes in weather, cotton looses or gains weight due to changes in moisture content. If you used Kgs for your records, you would loose the ability to manage stock count and stock take of bales; if you used bales, you would have a mismatch in the actual quantity transacted. This problem is compounded in real life – since each bale carries a different weight of cotton. With Tally. ERP 9 you can manage all these, with the support for multiple units of measure. Now, you can record both units in transactions – Kgs and bales at the same time. Stock valuation will be done in Kgs; inventory count can be managed in bales! You receive some supplies the Invoice shows 5 Pcs. and the actual count shows 6 Pcs.! Were you to enter your receipt as 6 Pcs. there will be a mismatch with the voucher and physical document which will result in an audit objection. Entering as 5 Pcs. would mean that one piece is not recorded Tally. ERP 9 supports actual and billed quantities thus delinking the inventory count from the financial impact of the transaction. With this you can als o receive and deliver free samples and manage the many variations that occur now and then. Therefore compound units, alternate units and billed/actual quantities should deliver the capabilities needed for most, if not all, of your requirements. Multi-Location Inventory Even the simplest of organizations will have inventory in more than one physical location. As organizations get bigger, inventory will require active management with more warehouses (go downs, as we call it in India), racks shelves and stocks at project locations. Take the case of multiple sales outlets, each with one go down. Each purchases items at different prices and sells them over time. You need to take a call on the value of stocks at each of these outlets as if they were independent units and not apply the company average. With Tally. ERP 9, each outlet will act as an independent unit from a costing perspective. Sales from each outlet will reflect the appropriate cost, and not the company average (which can skew profitability of both outlets). Seen at the company level, the cost behavior ignores these go downs making reports and financial analysis appropriate at that level. Go downs can contain go downs to allow management to the bin level. For various jobs (projects) and sub-jobs, the use of go downs and cost centers in Tally. ERP 9 give a high level of reporting and analysis on inventory and financial aspects of jobs. Multi-Budgets Scenarios Budgets are a measure of the results expected for the planned activities for a company. Whether you formally plan budgets or not, you will be working against several budgets – Revenue, Production, Expense, Financial, Investment and so on. Once these budgets are recorded, you would periodically want to check up how your business measures up against this plan. And once you get a handle on the variance, you would probably take decisions on course corrections record possible outcomes of these changes (as scenarios) and compare against the budgets once again. This is a powerful planning mechanism that provides the flexibility to work in a changing /dynamic environment. With Tally. ERP 9, you can set up any number of budgets and to make this easy, budgets can roll up into group budgets and these can roll up again into master budgets: the people who come up with the budgets can make entries and the roll-up is automatic (and can be overridden at the rolled up level as well). While viewing any report, you can choose to pull up the budgeted figures as well, along with a variance column. You could just as easily pull up budget figures alone – and make these available to various people. A scenario is the name given to a specific combination of vouchers that will be included to deliver a report you can include and exclude different voucher types and build as many scenarios as needed – say one where a product launch is on time and another where it is delayed by three months. You could then view actual figures against a scenario. You could also see the variance between a scenario and the budget! Budgets and Scenarios are powerful tools when used by themselves; used together they deliver unprecedented power to help plan monitor your business. TALLY REPORTING ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Modifying Reports (Options) Balance Sheet Profit Loss Account Stock Summary Trial Balance Day Book Cash Book Petty Cash Book Bank Book Journal Register Ledger Purchase Register Sales Register Ledger-wise Outstanding Reports Interest Receivable Interest Payable Cost Category Summary Statistics Stock Transfers Stock Valuation Methods BOM Cost Estimate Daily Balance of Cash/Bank Book Stock Query Negative Stock Item Movement Analysis Stock Ageing Analysis Multi-Column Cash Book Purchase Register-Extract Sales Register-Extract Cash Flow Summary Funds Flow Summary Budgets Overdue Receivable Overdue Payable Age-wise Receivable Negative Ledger Debit Note Register Credit Note Register Reminder Letter Confirmation Letter ? Comparative Profit and Loss Account ? Vertical Balance Sheet with Working Capital ? Comparative Quarterly Balance Sheet ? Income Expenditure Statement

Segregation Of A Different Sort Essays - Materials Science

Segregation of a Different Sort If we [adults between 18 and 21] can still be trusted enough to fight in wars, if we can be trusted enough to vote for our leaders, if we can be trusted enough to have sex, then why the hell can't we be trusted with a glass of wine? Shamed Dogan By law, anyone 18 years and older will be tried as an adult in court, is allowed to vote, and is required to pay taxes. On one's 18th birthday the law no longer views him as a child yet he is restricted from many places of social activity. Bars and many dance clubs are strictly for those 21 and over due to the legal drinking age in America, so many legal adults are not permitted entry. Clearly a discrepancy exists between an 18 year old adult and a 21 year old adult; however, since they are viewed by law as equals shouldn't they have the same privileges? Obviously certain laws that regulate activities by age are necessary. Voting, alcohol, and driving should not be available to people of any age because of the amount of responsibility these activities require. However the segregation between younger and older adults is unwarranted. Up until 1984 the legal drinking age was 18, however Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) spurred a campaign to raise the age limit to 21. They succeeded with the passage of the National Minimum Purchase Age Act in 1984. (Shamed, Legal Drinking) The law aimed to lower the number of drunk driving accidents, which it has done, but only by a small margin. However, what it has also done is reduce the rights of citizens between the ages of 18 and 21. Americans hold personal freedom to be an undeniable right. The right to drink one's self into a drunken state still falls under the personal rights category; however, this basic freedom is restricted by the implementation of the 1984 law. Instead of being able to have complete control over one's life when they reach the legal age of adulthood, citizens are forced to wait an additional three years for an equal level of freedom. A need for drinking regulation definitely exists, yet it needs to coincide with other laws defining adult privileges. All rights would be gained simultaneously and lowering the legal drinking age to 18 would erase the discrepancy that now exists. Furthermore the temptation to undermine the law through underage drinking would be greatly decreased. For many college students that fall in between years of legal adulthood and legal drinking age, the desire to drink is spurred by getting away with something they are not supposed to be doing. According to Dan, an English exchange student, the typical college student would not feel the need to have a binge drinking party if he were allowed into the local bar. The need to throw private drinking parties would no longer be prevalent because the accessibility of alcohol would no longer be in question. Lowering the legal drinking age would also create a plethora of social events for those 18 and older. Currently many dance clubs are strictly for those 21 and over because the establishment serves alcohol. This leaves the remainder of the adult populous to find their own forms of entertainment, counter productive or otherwise. If these bored adults were allowed to participate in more activities there would be less people idling on the streets. Society as a whole would be better off because there would be less illegal activity taking place. This could entail underage drinking or more serious matters engaged by those with spare time and nowhere to go. If more young adults were drinking in public places as opposed to dorm rooms the possibility of excessive drinking would be lowered. The number of people present and the way in which bars and clubs are run provide the structured environment necessary to promote safer drinking. It is far less likely for someone to die of alcohol poisoning in a bar than in a private home because the number of people capable of recognizing alcohol related problems greatly increases. The adult population between the ages of 18 and 21 has been oppressed by the injustice of age based segregation for

Theology Of Genesis 1-11 Essays - Phoenician Mythology, Free Essays

Theology Of Genesis 1-11 Essays - Phoenician Mythology, Free Essays Theology Of Genesis 1-11 (A) Introduction Pentateuch is considered to be the most important part in the Old Testament. It recorded the account of creation, the fall of man, the Law Code as well as the experience of the Ancient Israel. Among them Genesis is the first book recorded incidents happened from the creation of the world to Joseph's time. In chapter one to eleven, the origin of the world and human race are introduced and in chapter twelve onwards are the stories of the Ancestors. In this passage, we will concentrate in discussing the theology of chapter one to eleven which contained much valuable and important message for the readers who were probably Israelites in post-exilic period (which would be discussed later). In order to understand the text it is important to have some knowledge about the background of the readers as the author should compose his work under their background so that they may understand easily. Hence brief introduction of the background of Ancient Israelites and Genesis as well as its authorship would be given before we go into discussing its theology. The discussion will be within four topics -(a) Yahweh has supreme authority and power, (b) Man-as image of God, (c) Mankind's failure and God's reaction and (d) Creation-a continuing process. (B) Background of Canaanites' Religion and Ancient Israelites Both Biblical record and archeological evidence showed that beside the Israelites, there were many other people living in Palestine. They included Kenites, Kenizzites, Kadmonites, Hittites, Perizzites, Rephaim, Amorites, Canaanites, Girga*censored*es and Jebusites. In this passage, they are all regarded as Canaanites. Basically, the Canaanites' religions are polytheistic. They believed in many gods in many different levels including those national god, functional gods and family gods or ancestors. In the following paragraphs, a brief introduction of Canaanites' religions would be given as a background for the studies of religion of ancient Israelites. Religion in Ancient Near East Although the gods they worshipped were different, tribes in Ancient Near East did have similar although not exactly the same doctrines. As mentioned above, their religions are polytheistic. Each god in their religion had different function and statues. They had different characters and might fight among themselves. We are going to discuss the religion in Canaan and Babylon as examples. One point must be noted is that the functions of the gods in Canaan are closely related to natural phenomena . For example, Baal Hadad was known as the thunder god who was responsible for raining. Other examples included El Elyon who was known as the sun god , Yamm who was the god of the sea and Mot who was the god of death . Some of the gods were related to daily life. For instant, Anath was the goddess of war and Astarte was known as the goddess of love and fertility and also of war. Another function of Baal was related to fertility. The Canaanites always explained natural phenomena using myths. The alternation of the seasons and the death and renewal of vegetation were believed to be explained through the following myth. When Baal had his temple built, he sent a message to the god of death Mot in which he threatened Mot's life. After that there was a struggle between Mot and Baal and Baal was killed in the battle. After some times Baal's sister Anath went down to the underworld and defeated Mot. Baal was resurrected from death and returned to his power to bring about raining to the Earth. The Canaanites believed that the death and resurrection of Baal happened every year. The defeat of Baal indicated the death of vegetation due to winter frosts or summer drought. The resurrection of Baal revealed the vegetation grew because of annual or seasonal flooding. In this myth, one could easily observe that other that a thunder god, Baal was also a god of fertility. In the sight of the people in Ancient Near East, men were just the slaves of gods. For instance, in Babylon, people believed that mankind was created only because of the laziness of gods . The gods created men so that they could take over their work and serve them. The gods needed the sacrifice of men. However, due to the

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Collision Regulations - Essay Example It Important to take into consideration that it is not the high speed that solely becomes the use of a collision or accident. Rather it is the inaccuracy vessel operators have when estimating the speed difference between the vessels that creates much problems. Significant factor to take into regard when contemplating risks and collisions attributed to the advent of an 80 know ferry in the English Channel should encompass: The operator of the vessel has many more responsibilities than speed when preventing a collision. As the term itself implies, speed is a factor associated with timings. Controlling the speed involves evaluation of right timings of actions. When a vessel has to speed up to avoid collision, it must do so immediately. Designing of the vessel's structure and capabilities to meet such situations is a prerequisite. Speed is not the only factor responsible for a maritime collision and in cases of poor visibility and lighting speed is not even a factor. Collisions normally occur during overtaking and when the vessels meet head on. Rule 13(b) of International Collision Regulations states: "A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with another vessel from a direction more than 22.5 degrees abaft her beam, that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the

YOUR FIRST DRAFT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

YOUR FIRST DRAFT - Essay Example Illegal immigration is one of such possible threats because of its unmonitored nature that offers avenues for criminals’ illegal entry into the states. The criminals who could be escaping legal systems from their countries are likely to engage in criminal activities once they are in the United States. People with criminal intentions such as terrorism may also resort to illegal immigration to avoid identification as they enter the nation. The department however ensures its efficiency in managing the nation’s borders as a measure to controlling illegal immigration. It has implemented three measures to facilitate management of illegal immigration with special interest in preventing potential threats to America’s security. Deployment of skilled personnel in different countries in order to identify people who intend to enter the United States through fraud is one of the approaches to re-enforce borders. The department also ensures strict identification process of indi viduals travelling to the nation. International sharing of immigrants’ biometric data for identifying trends in fraudulent immigration, and people who pose threats to countries is another strategy that has been implemented by the department. Apart from the security threat, illegal immigration burdens the nation’s resources and increases competition for resources and economic opportunities against citizens. The immigrants are, however, also a source of different types of labor that are scarce in America. The fact that the immigrants are a potential threat to national security however undermines their potential economic contributions and strict measures should be taken to screen their entry into the nation. Some laws such as sanctuary policies have been developed, locally, to protect immigrant’s rights (Kenney, 2010; DHS, 2013). The department, in addition to

Production and International Logistics Case Study

Production and International Logistics - Case Study Example In the early 1900, Henry Ford, the owner of Ford Motor company became the world's richest men by his mass production success in the automobile industry. During World War II, the US government also requested him to mass produced bomber air crafts for the US Air Force. Ford Motor Company's production system during those years is a good example of a mass production system. Demand was so high, Ford has to mass produced to satisfy demand. Ford has all the good reason to hold high inventories during those years, that was, to please his customers by keeping a steady supply of his automobiles. This is also one of the reasons why some firms chose to mass produced. Another reason is the uncertainties in supply and supply capacity (Morton 1999). Toyota saw the success of Ford Motor but cannot replicate Henry Ford's production strategy due to the devastation suffered by Japan's economy after the war. This gave birth to a new concept of production where inventory level is zero, the lean production system, otherwise known as the Just-in-Time or JIT system. In the Machine That Changed the World, James Womack, used 'the term lean production to describe the profound revolution in manufacturing that was initiated by the Toyota Production System (cited by Asay, D. and Ott, S ,1998 ). Toyota's factories, along with most of its suppliers, can be spotted around Toyota City. Delivery of components and parts depended on the speed of the assembly line, and parts were delivered using logistics just at the right time when these are needed. The system eliminates the need to carry large inventories but close coordination between suppliers and logistics for the success of the system. When delivery of components or raw materials lagged behind, or when there are defects on deliveries, the strategic advantage and benefits that could have been gained from using the lean concept would be defeated. This led adherents of JIT to embark on a system of managing inventory and logistics in collaboration with total quality management (Heizer, Render 2001). The movement of supplies and other commodities from suppliers to users or consumers in the supply chain is a function of logistics. This is particularly important in a global economy where competition is borderless. International logistics therefore plays an important role in the success of production. The following section compares and contrast the traditional mass production system and lean production system. 2.0 Mass Production vs. Lean Production Traditional mass production differs from lean production in its overall organizational characteristics and manufacturing methods. Let us compare and contrast mass production as against lean production on the following terms: business strategy, organizational culture, customer relationship, production and scheduling, inventory management, quality assurance, information management and manufacturing cost. 2.1 Business Strategy In mass production strategy, the focus is on exploiting economies of scale of existing products and technologies. This strategy takes advantage of the decrease in the unit cost of the product as the volume of production per period of time increases (Kroll, et al, 1996). On the other hand, lean production strategy is customer focused. It seeks to identify and exploit new opportunities and competitive advantage through product design,

Comparative in-vitro Quality Evaluation of Cephalexin

Comparative in-vitro Quality Evaluation of Cephalexin A COMPARATIVE IN-VITRO QUALITY EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT BRANDS OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE CEPHALEXIN IN KARACHI (PAKISTAN) SHAHBAZ AHMED NOOR Abstract: Approximately 600 generic drug applications (ANDAs) approved each year, 65 % of prescriptions are for generic indication from oncology to insomnia without repeating clinical trials .Every generic molecule references a previously approved drug. Cephalexin Monohydrates was first sold by Eli Lilly in 1972. The availability of many brands of cephalexin 500 mg capsules in Pakistan market today place healthcare providers in a difficult situation of choice of a suitable brand or alternate use possibility .The objectives of this study was to carry out pharmaceutical equivalence studies on different brands of cephalexin 500mg capsules available in local market of Karachi. The invitro parameters include all pharmacopeia and non-pharmacopeia tests that were dissolution rate( in 0.1 N Hydrochloric Acid at 37 à ¢Ã‚ Ã‚ °C ) ,weight uniformity , disintegration time , moisture content ( with the help of suitable Karl Fischer Titrator ) , appearance (observed physically before and after opening of the shell) , Identification ( compare manually retention time in HPLC chromatogram of sample with chromatogram of reference standard ) and HPLC assay of cephalexin (as describe below based on HPLC assay method AM1172) were also analyzed. Along with the inappropriate use of antimicrobials drugs, substandard antibiotic medicines may also contribute in resistance development against susceptible organism. The study will be helpful to evaluate the efficacy and justification of generic substitution of cephalexin 500 mg capsule brands in Karachi (Pakistan) INTRODUCTION: Antibiotic, being the wonder drugs, are widely prescribed in the developing countries. In reality, 25 to 40 % prescriptions contain one or more antibiotic (Public Sector studies, 1990-1993) Antibiotic resistance can be developed through its wide and inappropriate use without following any standard guidelines. This Alarming situation has been addressed in several scientific journals (Glass et al.,1980; Farrar , 1985; Saha et al., 2003;Lina et al.,2007;Hassan et al.,2009) Post –marketing surveillance include complete procedures undertaken to obtain more data and information about a product after it had been granted marketing authorization and made available for public use, this data used for product improvement ,development standard and regulations. Regulatory agencies rely on limited information get from clinical trials and from scientific literature as guide to granting to marketing authorization of medicine for public use. Post-marketing surveillance of approved dosage forms is to assess the quality, effectiveness and safe use of medicine to large population. To Assess the standard of a product, invitro dissolution test is widely used because , for any solid dosage forms, gastrointestinal absorption first requires dissolution of the tablet or capsules that librates the drug into solution (Goodman Gilman`s –The Pharmacology basis of Therapeutics,2006) The dissolution characteristics of a drug from the dosage form depend on many factors including its formulation and manufacturing process (Augsburger et al., 1983). Cephalexin Chemically, Cephalexin is {(6R, 7R)-7-[(R)-2-Amino-2-Phenylacetamido]-3-Methyl-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid monohydrate} is a first generation cephalosporins for oral administration which is bactericidal, and mainly used in the treatment of various bacterial infections caused by gram +ve and gram -ve microorganisms. .( Ralph R et.al 1970).Excellent oral absorption and lack of serum binding of cephalexin compensates significantly for the lower in vitro activity.( Warren E. Wick et.al 1967). Antibacterial Spectrum of Cephalexin: Cephalexin appears to be a highly effective antibiotic. It possesses the qualities of rapid oral absorption, production of high drug levels in the blood and urine, and near absence of side effects. It is effective against infections due to gram-positive cocci infections, with the exception of Enterococcus, and for most infections caused by E. coli and Klebsiella. It is useful in the treatment of a wide variety of infections in infants and children, and particularly valuable with susceptible infections in patients who do not require parenteral antimicrobial therapy. (R.C. Rudoy, M.D.1977) The first-generation cephalosporins, epitomized by cephalothin and cefazolin, have good activity against gram-positive bacteria and relatively modest activity against gram-negative microorganisms. Most gram-positive cocci (with the exception of enterococci, methicillin-resistant S. aureus, and S. epidermidis) are susceptible. Most oral cavity anaerobes are sensitive, but the B. fragilis group is resistant. Activity against Moraxella catarrhalis, E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis is good (Goodman Gilman`s –The Pharmacology basis of Therapeutics,2006) Literature Survey: A ) Helio et.al in 2007 In this study, they observed the antibacterial spectrum of the orally prescribe cephalosporin (cefaclor, cefdinir, cefpodoxime, cefprozil, cefuroxime axetil, cephalexin) and amoxicillin/clavulanate, as these drugs were widely prescribed for community acquired respiratory tract infections. Narrowest zone was of Cefaclor and Cephalexin against evaluated pathogens. Overall, the 3rd Generation of cephalosporin is more useful in respiratory tracts and other infections when administered orally, as compared with older generation or amoxicillin alone. B ) Chalermporn et.al in 2005 ,they studied for rapid and sensitive identification of cephalosporins drugs such as cefoxitin , cefazolin , cephalexin, cefadroxil , cefaclor and cefoperazone, a flow injection (FI) method was used. This method was applied successfully for the identification of cefoxitin, cefazolin, cephalexin, cefadroxil , cefaclor and cefoperazone. The method was successfully applicable for the identification of cefoxitin ,cefazolin , cephalexin and cefadroxil in the pharmaceutical formulation with a sample throughput of 90h−1. C ) Rist et.al in 2002, they studied on Oral Cephalexin compared with mupirocin calcium cream with respect to safety and efficacy in secondarily infected eczema treatment. The adverse effect most common , they observed was diarrhea and nausea, effective clinical dose of mupirocin cream was apply three times daily as compared to cephalexin orally four times daily in secondarily infected eczma as topical regimen was preferred by the patient that enhance patient compliance. D ) Lennart Venemalm et.al in 2001, worked for the diagnosis of allergy against ÃŽ ²-lactams, prazinone-polylysine conjugate was able to bind with antibodies IgE in sera from patient with suspected allergy to cephalosporin’s. This information may be used for diagnosis of allergy against ÃŽ ²-lactams. E ) Yagnesh P. Patel et.al in 1998 They studied, modern data on the isocratic assay of five antimicrobial drugs ,five different assay were performed to one single report, antibiotic used in this study were cephalexin and cefaclor (cephalosporin’s), isoniazid and pyrazinamide (anti-tubercular drugs) and minocycline (tetracycline series) . Overall they concluded that any one of the drug could be used as internal standard for other four drugs. F ) Godfried Owusu-Ababio et.al in 1995 Sustained release of cephalexin ciprofloxacin, was evaluated in open chemostat sytem. They concluded that chemostat system is convenient for sustained release drug testing as a function of formulation parameter. G ) Anne H. et.al in 1992 In this study, the Cefaclor uptake was observed concluded that it was sodium-independent, but proton-dependent and also the energy dependent , dipeptides inhibited uptake of ÃŽ ²-lactam antibiotic but amino acid had no effect on uptake , the overall data from this study concluded that a single proton-dependent dipeptide transport carrier support the orally absorbed antibiotic uptake into Caco-2 cell shows correlation for the use of Caco-2 cell for cellular model of the intestinal proton-dependent dipeptides transporters for study purpose. H ) R. Wise et.al in 1991 Cefibuten, invitro activity was studied against 572 bacterial strain and was compared with orally administered ÃŽ ²-lactams. Cefibuten being more active against Enterobacteriaceae. There was less activity of cefibuten cefexime against Staphylococci and reduce activity against streptococcus pneumonia. I ) Luis J et.al in 1982 They studied, Acid degradation of cephalexin in presence of formaldehyde, produce 2-Hydroxy-3-phenyl-6-methylpyrazine.In 5M HCL this product gives well defined reduction wavelength with half wave potential of -0.45 vs. SCE. The wave was diffusion –controlled irreversible, linear relation with the cephalexin conc. was shown with diffusion current and cephalexin in plasma can be determined through it. J ) Ralph R et.al in 1970 They performed to detect various crystal forms of compounds, the employment of solubility versus solvent composition diagram. This appears to be a convenient sensitive method for detecting new crystalline phase. Aim of Project: The objective of this study is to carry out pharmaceutical equivalence studies on different brands of cephalexin 500mg capsules available in local market of Karachi. The invitro parameters include all pharmacopeia and non-pharmacopeia tests that are dissolution rate, weight uniformity, disintegration time, moisture content, appearance, Identification and HPLC assay of cephalexin will also be analyzed. The susceptibility test of drug will also be evaluate by ICLS ( Formerly NCCLS ) Reference Disk Diffusion (Kirby-Bauer) method against different clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus (03), E. coli (03), Klebsiella pneumonia (03), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (02), Importance of study: This is a growing concern that if a health care provider, providing the substitute of the generic is also the Bioequivalent. For the health care providers to use these brands interchangeable, the bioequivalence of these brands have to be ascertained, this mean that there should be continued post marketing monitoring of the medicines. EXPERIMENT: TESTING PROCEDURE: Test # 1: Cephalexin Monohydrate (As base): Procedure: Perform HPLC assay of Cephalexin as describe below based on HPLC assay method AM1172. Test # 2: Identification: Procedure: Compare manually retention time in HPLC chromatograms of sample with chromatograms of reference standards. Test # 3: Moisture Content: Procedure: Three times separately the moisture content in the powder of the product with the help of suitable Karl Fischer Titrator will be determine and then calculate their mean. Test # 4: Appearance: Procedure: From the 20 capsules take 10 capsules and observe physically before and after opening of the shells. Test # 5: Weight Variation: From 20 capsules take 10 random capsules from composite sample and note individual weight of filled capsules. Calculate their average, minimum, maximum and COV%. Test # 6: Disintegration: Procedure: Prepare a 0.6% v/v solution of HCl (Add carefully 16.2ml of 37% HCl into 500ml of distilled water and then make the solution up to 1000ml with distilled water) and fill the vessel of a suitable disintegration test apparatus with this solution up to recommended height. Maintain the temperature between 35  °C and 39  °C. Place 1 capsule in each of the 6 tubes of the basket and run the equipment. Start the stopwatch and note the time when all capsules are disintegrated. If 1 or 2 capsules fail to disintegrate, repeat the test on 12 additional capsules. The requirements of the test are met if not less than 16 of the 18 capsules tested have disintegrated. Test # 7: Dissolution: Procedure: According to USP 2007 page # 1691. HPLC ASSAY OF CEPHALEXIN BASED ON HPLC ASSAY AM1172 (1.01) FOR CEPHALEXIN CAPSULES.500 MG / CAPSULES. I.PRINCIPLE: The sample is dissolved in water and the insoluble component removed by filtration. An aliquot of the filtrate is diluted with water and examined by reverse phase HPLC. II.APPARATUS 1. A suitable high performance liquid chromatographic system equipped with a variable Wavelength UV Detector. 2. A suitable analytical balance with tolerance of +/- 0.1 mg. 3. A suitable Ultrasonic bath. 4. Suitable Syringes such as BDà ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚ ¤, 10ml. 5. Analytical Column: 150 Ãâ€" 4.6 mm. i.d stainless steel column packed with S5 – ODS2 or equivalent column. 6. Pre-Column: 50 Ãâ€" 4.6 mm .i.d stainless steel column packed with 80 µm Porasil or equivalent is fitted between the pump and injector. 7 Detector Condition: 254nm range 0.5 aufs 8. Pump Condition: Flow rate 1.0 ml / minute. 9. Injection volume: 20 µl 10. pH meter. 11. Mobile phase: See reagents. B) REAGENTS Cephalexin analytical reference standard Methanol HPLC grade Acetonitrile HPLC grade 1- Hydroxybenzotriazole, Reagent grade. Triethylamine ( T.E.A ) analytical grade Orthophosphoric acid, analytical grade 1- Pentanesulfonic acid, sodium salt, Reagent grade (8) Mobile Phase: Dissolve 1g Pentanesulfonic acid sodium salt (Monohydrate) and 15ml of Triethylamine in 850 ml of distilled water, adjust the pH to 3.0 with Orthophosphoric acid. Add 50 ml of Methanol and 100 ml of Acetonitrile, Mix well and degas before use. Note: Caution should be taken when degassing the mobile phase to avoid evaporating the mixture. Internal standard solution: Dissolve 1 gm of 1- Hydroxybenzotriazole in 1000ml of mobile phase, mix well. C) PROCEDURE: This procedure contains the minimum recommended sample and standard Preparation for assays performed manually. Alternate weights and volumes may be substituted if necessary, as long as they are documented and provide nominally equivalent concentration of the analyte. PREPARATION OF REF. STANDARD SOLUTION Accurately weigh approximately 32, 40 and 48 mg of Cephalexin reference Standard in to into three separate 200ml volumetric flasks respectively, pipette 30 ml of the internal standard solution in to each flask and swirl to dissolve, Dilute to volume with distilled water and mix well. SAMPLE PREPARATION Take 20 random capsules from composite sample and note individual weight content of each capsule and determine average content weight of 20 capsules. Accurately weigh about 500 mg sample from composite sample of weight content of 20 capsules in 500ml volumetric flask and record the weight, add water to dissolve and make up the volume with water up to 500 ml mix well and filter. Take 20ml of above dilution in 100ml volumetric flask, add 30ml Internal Standard and then add water upto 100ml mix well and filter through 0.45 µm filter paper. d) CHROMATOGRAPHY Make 20 à ¯Ã‚ Ã‚ ­l injection of a standard to ensure the chromatography system complies with the system suitability criteria. The peak tailing should not be greater than 1.5, peak efficiency should be greater than 4000 plates. The resolution between the two peaks should be greater than 2.5. A typical chromatogram is attached. LIMIT OF CEPHALEXIN MONOHYDRATE CONTENT. CEPHALEXIN THEORY LABEL 500MG / CAPSULE 500MG / CAPSULE (As Cephalexin anhydrous) ( As Cephalexin anhydrous) Acceptance Limit: 475 – 525mg per capsule (95 – 105 %). Regulatory Limit: 462.5 – 550 mg per capsule (92.5 – 110 %) (British Pharmacopeia) REFERENCES: (Augsburger LL,Shangraw RF,Giannini RP, Shah VP, Prasad VK and Brown D (1983) Thiazides VIII: Dissolution Survey of marketed Hydrochlorothiazides tablets. J.Pharma Sci.,72(8):876-881) Anne H. Dantzig, Linda B. Tabas, Linda Bergin , Cefaclor uptake by the proton-dependent dipeptide transport carrier of human intestinal Caco-2 cells and comparison to cephalexin uptake Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) Biomembranes, Volume 1112, Issue 2, 9 December 1992, Pages 167-173. Chalermporn Thongpoon, Boonsom Liawruangrath, Saisunee Liawruangrath, R. Alan Wheatley, Alan Townshend , Flow injection chemiluminescence determination of cephalosporins in pharmaceutical preparations using tris (2,2†²-bipyridyl) ruthenium (II)-potassium permanganate system , Analytica Chimica Acta, Volume 553, Issues 1-2, 30 November 2005, Pages 123-133. (Farar WE (1985) Antibiotic resistance in developing countries. The Journal of Infectious Diseases,152(6):1103-1106 ) (Glass RI, Huq I, Alim ARM and yunus M (1980) Emergence of multiply antibiotic-resistant vibro cholerae in Bangladesh . The Journal of Infection Disease , 142(6):939-942 ) (Goodman Gilman`s-The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (2006) 11th Edition, McGraw –Hill Medical Publishing Division, Digital Edition , Chapter1.) Godfried Owusu-Ababio, James A. Rogers, Hosmin Anwar , Method of evaluation of sustained release microsphere formulations using the open chemostat system. (Goodman Gilman`s-The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics (2006) 11th Edition) (Hassan SMR, Hossain MM,Akhter R,Karim SMH, Haque S,Kamaluddin M and Ghani A (2009) Pattern of antibiotic use at the primary health care level of Bangladesh : Survey report -1.S.J. Pharm. Sci.2 (1) : 1-7) Helio S. Sader, Michael R. Jacobs, Thomas R. Fritsche, Review of the spectrum and potency of orally administered cephalosporins and amoxicillin/clavulanate, Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Volume 57, Issue 3, Supplement 1, March 2007, Pages S5-S12. (Lina TT,Rahman SR, Gomes DJ(2007) Multi-antibiotic resistance mediated by plasmids and integrons in uropathogenic Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniea . Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology,24 (1):19-23) Lennart Venemalm , Pyrazinone conjugates as potential cephalosporin allergens Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry Letters, Volume 11, Issue 14, 23 July 2001, Pages, 1869-1870. Luis J. Nuà ±ez-Vergara, J. A. Squella, M. M. Silva, Polarography of an acidic degradation product from cephalexin, Polarography of an acidic degradation product from cephalexin, Talanta, Volume 29, Issue 2, February 1982, Pages 137-138s. (Public Sector Drug use studies (1990-1993) International Network for Rational use of Drugs, Virginia,USA. ) Ralph R. Pfeiffer, K. S. Yang, Mary Ann Tucker, Crystal pseudopolymorphism of cephaloglycin and cephalexin, 19 June 1970, 10.1002/jps.2600591222 R.C.Rudoy,M.D. 1977, Cephalexin: Clinical and Laboratory Evaluation in Infants and Children , Clinical Pediatrics, Vol. 16, No. 7, 639-644 (1977) Rist T, Parish LC, Capin LR, Sulica V, Bushnell WD, Cupo MA, A comparison of the efficacy and safety of mupirocin cream and cephalexin in the treatment of secondarily infected eczema., 2002-01, Clin Exp Dermatol., 27(1):14-20 R.Wise, J. M. Andrews, J. P. Ashby, D. Thornber, Ceftibuten: A new orally absorbed cephalosporin in vitro activity against atrains from the United Kingdom ,Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Volume 14, Issue 1, January-February 1991, Pages 45-52. (Saha SK Baqui AH, Darmstadt GL, Ruhulamin M, Hanif M,Arifeen SE, Santosham M,Oishi K, Nagatake T and Black RE (2003) Composition of carriage and invasive pneumococci among Bangladesh children:implication for treatment policy and vaccine formulation. Journal of Clinical Microbiology,41 (12):5582-5587) Warren E. Wick, Cephalexin, a New Orally Absorbed Cephalosporin Antibiotic , Appl Environ Microbiol. 1967 July; 15(4): 765-769). Yagnesh P. Patel, Nehal Shah, Indravadan C. Bhoir, M. Sundaresan, Simultaneous determination of five antibiotics by ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 828, Issues 1-2, 18 December 1998, Pages 287-290. 1 | Page

Hamlet is Too Smart for Himself :: English Literature Essays

Why Hamlet is Too Smart for Himself Hamlet only kills Claudius when he has also murdered the queen, Laertes, and has also poisoned himself. It takes a threat of death to do what his own dead father orders him to do. A largely held opinion is that he is to emotional to do it, but it is when his emotions all come together that he murders Polonius. Another opinion is that he to full of morals to kill, but how then can he alter a note and literally sentence two old friends who were just following orders too death. It is also believed that he is too cowardly to go through with it, but if a man is bold enough to face a ghost, confront a queen and kill an eavesdropper, than what should stop him from avenging his father and ridding Denmark of the disease that infests it's royal line. The answer is simple, he is to smart to get around to doing it. Hamlet's is a mind to be reckoned with. He thinks things out rather than just act on impulse. No matter what the situation, there is always something that stands in his way that a more impulsive, emotional man might overlook or just ignore. By thinking things over he gives Claudius time to figure out what he knows. If he had acted faster things may have turned out differently for our intellectual prince. The Brain can be a slow, bungling thing that is constantly tripping over it's own feet whereas a body controlled by emotion knows no limits. A complex mind will often add more and more factors and problems into the situation than is necessary. For example, why feign madness? What purpose does this really serve? All it did was isolate him from those that he loved. Rather than directly confront the king, Hamlet embarks upon a wild, complex scheme to discredit and trap Claudius. Wouldn't it have helped things out a lot more to forgo the charade and just be good old Hamlet. That way nobody would have suspected anything and Hamlet would have had lots more emotional support from those that meant the most to him. Don't get me wrong though. Some of Hamlet's plans almost worked out. The play for example. Claudius was so filled with rage that he was reduced to a stuttering imbecile and was ready to slaughter the actors right out in front of everybody.

Life Goes on

Fundamentals of Public Speaking 101-1 Professor Victoria Nabors [email  protected] edu ASSIGNMENT: Persuasive Speech: 5 to 8 minutes DUE DATE:See Syllabus GRADE POINTS:140 converts to 15% of your overall grade EVALUATION:Grading Rubric distributed and posted on Blackboard >Typed Full Sentence Outline Draft is due one class prior to your assigned presentation date. Partial handwritten outlines will not be accepted at all. >Students MAY NOT present a speech without an approved outline. *If you are absent on the day your outline is due, you must submit it to my office (give to the department secretary in room 2519), or via Email.To earn credit for this outline, absent students must contact me on the date the assignment was due. >Attire Requirement (Ethos): Professional attire is mandatory for this final exam speech presentation. 5-point penalty for violations. >Speakers will select their speaking order on the same day outline drafts are due. â€Å"First come, first serve! † You will sign up on the white board The purpose of this speech is to persuade your targeted audience to accept your views on an issue. Remember that your credibility plays an important role in persuading audiences; as such, you must deal with oppositional arguments in a fair and convincing way.Good persuaders do not ignore the opposition, nor do they simply attack the opposition, they engage opposition’s logical arguments in an even-handed way. BASIC REQUIREMENTS In addition to persuading your audience to support your views, the persuasive speech must satisfy the following requirements: †¢Controversial Topic Selection: Persuasive topics can range from the general arguments that seek to influence healthier eating, to more controversial social issues of abortion, immigration, and gay right.Your job is to first convince your audience that there is a problem through informative speaking; and then, to propose a solution to the problem. †¢Persuasiveness: You are attempting t o weaken your audience members’ support for the opposing case. You need to develop reasonable and ethical arguments that are designed to sway audience members who may initially disagree with your position. †¢Time: The speech should run 5 to 8 minutes. Speakers will be given a 30 second grace period before time limit penalties are applied. Presentation grades with be lowered by 2. 5 point for every 30 seconds under or over the allotted time limits.That’s 5 point per minute! †¢Notes: You must deliver the speech extemporaneously. That means, the speech should not be memorized or scripted. Memorize the sequences of each section only! You may put a delivery outline of your speech on standard note cards or use a delivery outline. However, you should NOT read or rely heavily on these notes. Know your material! †¢Sources: You must orally cite a minimum of five sources in the body of the speech. Three of your sources must be available in print (in other words, yo u can only cite two web sources – Wikipedia is not acceptable).Each student will conduct an in-class audience analysis that will count as one citation. Your evidence and proof should clearly support your arguments and be audience centered. I suggest you include a variety of evidence (statistics, examples, testimony, etc. ) †¢Visual Aid: If you use a visual aid to help the audience understand key points, it must meet the requirement for using visual aids. †¢On the Presentation Date: You must submit oA fully annotated outline with a bibliography page. The outline and bibliography page will be graded (outline10 points, bibliography 5 points). Your speaker’s note cards or speaker’s outline must be approved before approaching the podium. Speaking notes that do not meet the required skeleton outline format will not be allowed at the podium. NO EXCEPTIONS! †¢Attire (Ethos): Professional attire is mandatory for this final exam speech presentation. Remembe r every aspect of your presentation will help you to establish credibility; this includes your physical appearance. Failure to dress appropriately for this final speech will result in a 10 point deduction of the overall grade.

Movies vs Plays essays

Movies vs Plays essays Plays are live shows with actors and actresses acting out a story in front of a live audience. A movie is a pre-taped showing of actors and actresses acting out a story. There are benefits and hindrances both to seeing a play and a movie. Making a movie allows for postproduction to add effects, plays cannot accomplish this because it is a live production. Watching a movie is very much more entertaining to an audience than any play that is being shown live. Since movies are not live shows put on right in front of you, it gives the producers the room for special effects. In a movie you can see anything from explosions, aliens, shape shifting, full-scale wars, to bloody deaths. In Terminator 2 the evil man could shape-shift his body. Every time he did this, the viewer would see his body melt into this liquid nitrogen that proved to be some very impressive eye candy. A play cannot reproduce these effects live; we do not yet have the technology. A movie can be computer animated, which allows for most of these effects to become possible. Computer animation is something that happens in post-production after the movie has been video taped. On the other hand, live show does not have post-production because it is live. These effects would not be very effective if there were no impressive sounds to go along with them. The sounds you will hear in a movie theatre are very loud and add to the whole impact of the movie you are watching. For example, an explosion sets off in the movie, but all you hear is the faintest bang. Now, Imagine this, an explosion sets off in the movie and you hear a monstrous BANG! The loud bang is more effective in terms of getting your attention and making an impact. Unlike movies, many plays have viewers straining just to hear what the actors are saying on stage. I remember one time I was watching a play called Jesus Christ Superstar and this one actor did not have a very loud voi ...

The Special Interest And Niche Tourism Tourism Essay Essays

The Special Interest And Niche Tourism Tourism Essay Essays The Special Interest And Niche Tourism Tourism Essay Paper The Special Interest And Niche Tourism Tourism Essay Paper There is now a immense assortment of particular involvement vacations offered all over the universe may it be game runing in Africa, skiing in the Alps or chopper drives over the Alps, due to the increasing diverseness of leisure, cultural and other particular involvement and niche merchandises Tourists now no longer desire to be portion of the mass touristry, now they want to happen their ain niche and optical experiences. Tourism ingestion forms and the growing of particular involvement are thought to reflect the turning diverseness of leisure involvements of the late modern society ( Douglas, Douglas, A ; Derret 2001 ) The crisis of the touristry industry is a crisis of mass Tourism ( Poon 1993 ) in the past mass marketed bundle vacations where sold to the old Tourists who where as Poon describes Homogenous nevertheless Tourism has developed and broadened into of all time altering markets over the old ages, late the emerging markets of particular involvement and niche Tourism have slowly crept in and are altering consumer wonts from the mass market which Poon 1993 defines as Tourism as a big graduated table Phenomenon, packaging and merchandising standardized leisure services at fixed monetary values to a mass patronage To New tourers who want to separate and distinguish themselves from the crowd the assignment will be looking into the altering consumer wonts and how the developing markets of mass touristry and particular involvement can run into and maintain up with altering touristry gustatory sensations and demands, whilst turn toing issues such as sustainability. The touristry industry is farther more presuming the individuality of non the vacation experience but the experience industry. The construct of particular involvement and Niche Tourism Particular involvement touristry has been one of the drive forces behind the development of touristry, as it has allowed a immense merchandise scope which has expanded from a little market to now mainstream in the public sphere as the phrase particular involvement can be found on most operators web sites, these include topics such as Gastronomy, escapade, vino, art, heritage, civilization etc who cater these topics and more all around the Earth to the particular involvement market which is of all time more expanding, However the term niche market is frequently considered precisely the same as particular involvement, nevertheless operators use the term to aim a much smaller and focused portion of the overall larger particular involvement market, for illustration Nature touristry, adventure touristry, athletics touristry and cultural touristry where marketed at a homogeneous group of the market nevertheless it is still considered particular involvement. nevertheless sub classs within the larger particular involvement market e.g. Bird watching can be considered Niche as it is a targeted bomber sector within the whole wide scope of Nature Tourism ( Douglas et al. , 2001 ; Morgan and Pritchard 1999 ) province It is now evident that operators have diversified their offerings to pull the big market section of the soft or novice terminal of the spectrum, either based on their ain expertness within the field of particular involvement or their consciousness of the turning latent and outstanding consumer demand It is frequently acknowledged that it is really hard to specifically specify particular involvement and niche Tourism as is the instance of specifying touristry itself ; many research workers have many fluctuations of what defines the class nevertheless ( Butler etal ; Weiler ( 1992 ) province Travellers motive and determination devising are chiefly determined by a peculiar particular involvement with a focal point either on activities, finishs and scenes This quotation mark above suggests that tourers who are interested in particular involvement and niche touristry are motivated to develop or indulge an involvement or avocation. Another statement which has been brought up within particular involvement touristry is that it is the antonym of Mass as it does concentrate on new signifiers of tourers that have the potency of run intoing the demands of both them and the hosts. It has been recognised that the term particular involvement touristry is comprised of two major factors the first being of class particular involvement which suggests a certain demand which needs to be considered which related to the leisure context and secondly touristry which fundamentally commercialises particular involvement to the public therefore making the New Tourist which Poon ( 1997 ) describes as New Tourism is a big graduated table packaging of a non- standardized leisure service New tourers portion a concern for development whilst taking involvement and seeking to avoid the environmental, economic and socio cultural impacts of touristry. This suggests a nexus between new signifiers of touristry and sustainability. Entreaty and motive of particular interest/niche touristry Particular involvement vacations are designed for tourists who want to prosecute their involvement in a peculiar activity or topic may it be winetasting, cruising or trekking the Himalayas, the entreaty and motive for these types of vacations have soured over recent old ages due to the fact that people now want to separate themselves, However late due to factors such as the economic downswing and planetary heating Green Tourism which is classed as particular involvement has taken case in point in people s heads. Old tourers where homogeneous and predictable. They felt secure when going in Numberss and took holidaies where everything was pre paid and pre arranged, nevertheless the new tourer emerging are self-generated and unpredictable, they want to be different from the crowd whilst asseverating their individualism, New Tourists go out to see something different, which will farther more validate their individualism which is what particular involvement and niche touristry do so good in as it allows Tourists to be able to distinguish themselves from the mass doing them believe they are acquiring a better quality of life and flight from modern-day and Homogenous activities which in bend promotes self deserving and credence, farther more the particular involvement markets are appealing to tourers sense of find and demand to experience single whilst still being in rebelliousness over aggregate Tourism merchandises. Harmonizing to surveies of leisure and touristry motives people by and large picked to take part in recreational activities to fulfill their multiple gustatory sensations, demands and desires ( Ryan, 2003 ) . Furthermore in the instance of particular involvement touristry, this can associate to people who influence and actively partake in their chosen particular involvement or avocation within travel and touristry Economic, Cultural and Environmental Sustainability Mass touristry over the old ages has been believed to be the chief cause of many jobs, which are going much more apparent after every passing twelvemonth for illustration factors such as environmental, societal and cultural debasement, spme instances have taken countrywide precedency for illustration the province of the Mediterranean sea and the devastation of the coral reef which can non be replaced, nevertheless signifiers of new touristry such as particular involvement and niche tourers are seeking to work out the jobs of mass touristry, nevertheless jobs such as litter along the Nepalese mountain paths and perturbation in wildlife in Kenyan campaign Tourss lead many research workers to propose that it is non merely the mass touristry who cause the jobs but that the niche and smaller groups of touristry besides contribute to the job factors such as the turning rise of the sophisticated tourer who are more cognizant and are willing to take part in travel. However it is besides know n that new touristry go in tangent with the rise in mass touristry, which at times has been believed to be used as an alibi. As mainstream touristry industry has in fact simply tried to contrive a new statute law for itself- the sustainable and rational usage of the environment, including the saving of nature as an agreeableness for the already advantaged ( Fernandez 1994 ; Munt 1995 ) Alternate touristry has emerged concerns for the bringing of sustainable Tourism ( Douglas 2001 ) The shared societal or cultural universes of the travelers can act upon the positive and negative perceptual experience of an experience ( Arnould, Price A ; Tierney, 1998 ) My personal definition of sustainable touristry is that it is touristry that commits to doing every bit small impact on factors such as environmental, economical and civilization whilst it tries to assist in footings of making employment in the local country whilst conserving local traditions and landmarks which in bend will guarantee it brings economical wellness and a positive experience for the local people and tourers whilst in bend guaranting the protection of civilization and natural resources. Sustainable touristry means touristry which is economically feasible but does non destruct resources on which the hereafter of touristry will depend, notably the physical environment and the societal cloth of the host communities. ( J. Swarbrooke 1998 ) However there is considerable argument about what defines sustainable touristry and how it is achieved. For illustration research workers have questioned the construct of sustainable touristry for illustration ( Coccossis, 1996 ; Stabler, 1997 ) noted every bit early as 1996 that the treatment of sustainable touristry is frequently restricted to an analysis of how to guarantee the continuity of touristry by understating negative impacts. In other words, it could be suggested that the construct of sustainable touristry is much more about the continuity of touristry than it is about the part of touristry to sustainable results The citations above define sustainable touristry nevertheless this assignment will travel further in deepness to look at how particular involvement and niche touristry can assist or impede finishs sustainability. Sustainability within particular involvement touristry has raised many issues and treatments both positive and negative ( Doxey 1976 ) describes the altering attitudes of the host state as aggregate touristry additions, it starts at euphory and ends in hostility However touristry and particular involvement touristry will at foremost assist a state economically whilst besides leting the sharing of civilization and heritage nevertheless in the terminal niche and particular involvement touristry finishs will acquire more and more popular therefore taking to hostility as locals believe Tourists to be the cause of jobs such as lessened local civilization, heritage and resources being cheapened for mass selling. The so called Demonstration Effect which is the acceptance by local occupants, particularly immature people, to copy tourist behavior and ingestion forms ( Rivers 1973 ) This Position can be used to endorse up Martin Mowforth ; etal Munt who province It is frequently argued that bing signifiers of touristry development are unsuitable in footings of the negative impacts on the environment, the manner it corrupts and barstadises the local civilizations These Two points go in tangent really good as they both describe how they feel that Tourism can be negative sociologically and economically as Rivers suggestion of the presentation consequence can be used in overview of the economical consequence on a community, For illustration it can take to people populating beyond their agencies therefore making an economic drain. So fundamentally what is being said is that now niche and particular involvement touristry are more and more popular, nevertheless due to these factors such as economic, civilization and environment semen into drama, as seen above many local civilizations have embraced the incoming touristry, sharing their civilizations and traditions. New signifiers of touristry have been coined by professionals as Academic, escapade, alternate, green and even self-importance. Decision In decision the up rise in niche and particular involvement touristry among the New tourers have led to more understanding in prolonging local traditions, civilization and environmental elements, Further more the assignment highlights the fact that many tourers are now traveling to particular involvement and niche touristry to do them more single due to the rise of intellectuals and professionals. However due to this survey intellectuals are on the rise significance that particular involvement and niche touristry may be a batch less than the mass now but who knows how far the development of touristry in these countries will develop in the hereafter, the new many become the mass!

Literacy Narrative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Literacy Narrative - Essay Example It was only much later that we got our first rudimentary lessons in English language. It was a bit tedious at first, because our entire class of grade schoolers had to learn all the basics of English grammar. The English teacher we had was quite good although admittedly her own diction and intonations were far from being perfect but it was acceptable anyway to us pupils who did not know any better. I can honestly say that the wonderful world beyond my country started to open up with all those lessons in English literature fit for our kiddies’ class. I still can remember how we laughed and giggled on some of the strange words and sounds we had to master as we went along in our English classes up to graduating from the elementary. I realized the importance of English proficiency when our batch reached high school. This was the time when we had to learn science, mathematics and biology so we need to learn and be proficient at a certain level of the English language to pass our ex aminations. At that time, there was not much pressure to really master the intricacies of English because we had not yet seen the direct relationship of English mastery to our future careers. In this regard, it can be safely said that all my English learning happened while I was still in my country of birth and therefore, English was spoken only occasionally and only when really necessary. If memory serves me right, it was probably in my sophomore or junior year when the importance of learning the English language first came into sharp focus. We were asked to do a literature essay in English this time and I had a hard time finishing my assignment. It must be borne in mind that our writing assignment need to be finished in an hour’s time or less and previously, I had been overly dependent on using an English dictionary to put my thought into paper. My other classmates had already turned in their papers and I was not yet even halfway through. I was already panicked at that poin t and my thoughts were a total jumble; one thing I can say is that I always have a lot of creative ideas on my mind. A chief difficulty was putting these thoughts down to a written paper that is understandable and connects to a reader. My high school teacher was standing nearby, all ready to get my paper once I finished. This was because I was the only one still left inside the classroom since I must admit honestly that I always struggled with my English since coming into contact with this lingua franca. The time was up for me and I had wanted to still write some more since I knew my paper was not yet good enough. It was at that point in my life when I realized and resolved to vastly improve my English language skills so I can get ahead in my career and with my life. At that time, my English language skills in terms of reading and writing were terrible and I really struggled. When I entered college, there were plenty of opportunities to improve my English skill in terms of speaking, reading, writing and most importantly, comprehension. In particular, the facility with English was vastly improved with my constant viewing of television shows that were broadcast in English without any native language sub-titles at the bottom of the screen. I knew right then that my English will improve someday but I decided to read a lot of books, magazines and newspapers printed in English precisely for this purpose. Secondly, I had what can be called a